Migrante investigators have implemented a series of surveys in Tijuana, Mexico since 2007.
Previous Phases (2007-2015):
Current Phase (2019-2024):
In each survey, migrants are categorized into three flows and two sub-flows. Questionnaires are customized to capture elements that may be unique to each of the flows and sub flows, but they share the bulk of the questions.
All surveys are conducted in Spanish, but the translated English versions are available below.
Previous Phases (2007-2015):
- HIV surveys measure migrants' HIV risk and related risk factors. The survey instrument collects anonymous participant information on migration patterns and time spent in the US and Mexico; socioeconomic conditions; lifestyle and experiences during their last stay in the US; acculturation in the US and stress; sexual risk behaviors; HIV/STI testing history (lifetime and in the US); exposure to HIV prevention; health status and health care; and deportation circumstances, immigration history and plans for future migration.
- Health Care Access and Utilization surveys measure migrants' access and utilization of health care services. The survey instrument collects anonymous participant information on socioeconomic conditions; physical and emotional well-being; acculturative stress; health care access and treatment; health insurance coverage; risk factors; and immigration history and plans for future migration.
Current Phase (2019-2024):
- HIV/STI and Reproductive Health (HIVRE) surveys contain a module specifically focused on HIV/STI status and testing history, lifetime and recent sexual behavior, knowledge and use of contraception, fertility and abortion history, violence and sexual coercion, HPV vaccine, sexuality education and access to information, and utilization of essential HIVRE services. The surveys also query about socioeconomic conditions; lifestyle and experiences during their last stay in the US; exposure to adverse experiences over the lifecourse; acculturation in the US and stress; sexual risk behaviors; health status and health care; and deportation circumstances, immigration history and plans for future migration. Participants are given the opportunity to take rapid, FDA-approved HIV, Syphilis, and Hepatitis B tests.
- Non-communicable Disease (NCD) surveys focus on indicators of, and risk factors for, non-communicable diseases, with emphasis on diabetes, CVD, and obesity. Participants are also asked about risk and protective factors of non-communicable diseases, as well as socioeconomic conditions; lifestyle and experiences during their last stay in the US; acculturation in the US and stress; health status and health care; and deportation circumstances, immigration history and plans for future migration. Biometric measures in this survey will include: weight, height, and waist circumference; calculated BMI and waist circumference; glycated hemoglobin (Hb1Ac); a quantitative lipid profile, including total cholesterol, high and low density lipids, triglycerides, non-HDL; systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels; and skinfold thickness.
- Mental Health and Substance Use (MHSU) surveys will use the WHO’s World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMH-CIDI), a comprehensive, fully structured instrument designed to be used by trained lay interviewers for the assessment of mental disorders based on criteria from the ICD-10 and DSM-IV. The WMH-CIDI generates measures to assess the prevalence and severity of mental disorders, such as anxiety disorders, mood disorders, disorders that share a feature of problems with impulse control, and substance disorders. The protocol also includes questions about use of services, medications, and barriers to treatment related to these disorders. The survey will also assess lifetime use of illicit and prescribed substances, age and migration context at time of first use, last 30-days substance use, and needle injection practices. Like other Migrante surveys, the MHSU surveys will evaluate socioeconomic conditions; lifestyle and experiences during their last stay in the US; acculturation in the US and stress; health status and health care; and deportation circumstances, immigration history and plans for future migration. Consenting participants' salivary cortisol concentration levels will also be tested.
In each survey, migrants are categorized into three flows and two sub-flows. Questionnaires are customized to capture elements that may be unique to each of the flows and sub flows, but they share the bulk of the questions.
All surveys are conducted in Spanish, but the translated English versions are available below.
HIV Survey, 2009
N=3,390
Questionnaires
1) Southbound US-1: questionnaire administered to non-US resident migrants returning to Mexico voluntarily
2) Southbound US-2: questionnaire administered to US-resident migrants returning to Mexico voluntarily
3) Border: questionnaire administered to migrants traveling along the US-Mexico border
4) Northbound Mex-1: questionnaire administered to non-US resident migrants traveling north from other regions in Mexico
5) Northbound Mex-2: questionnaire administered to US-resident migrants traveling north from other regions in Mexico
6) Deported D1: questionnaire administered to non-US residents migrants returning to Mexico via deportation
7) Deported D2: questionnaire administered to US resident migrants returning to Mexico via deportation
N=3,390
Questionnaires
1) Southbound US-1: questionnaire administered to non-US resident migrants returning to Mexico voluntarily
2) Southbound US-2: questionnaire administered to US-resident migrants returning to Mexico voluntarily
3) Border: questionnaire administered to migrants traveling along the US-Mexico border
4) Northbound Mex-1: questionnaire administered to non-US resident migrants traveling north from other regions in Mexico
5) Northbound Mex-2: questionnaire administered to US-resident migrants traveling north from other regions in Mexico
6) Deported D1: questionnaire administered to non-US residents migrants returning to Mexico via deportation
7) Deported D2: questionnaire administered to US resident migrants returning to Mexico via deportation
Health Care Access and Utilization Survey pilot study, 2011
N=331
Questionnaires
1) Southbound US-1: questionnaire administered to non-US resident migrants returning to Mexico voluntarily
2) Southbound US-2: questionnaire administered to US-resident migrants returning to Mexico voluntarily
3) Border: questionnaire administered to migrants traveling along the US-Mexico border
4) Northbound Mex-1: questionnaire administered to non-US resident migrants traveling north from other regions in Mexico
5) Northbound Mex-2: questionnaire administered to US-resident migrants traveling north from other regions in Mexico
6) Deported D1: questionnaire administered to non-US resident migrants returning to Mexico via deportation
7) Deported D2: questionnaire administered to US-resident migrants returning to Mexico via deportation
N=331
Questionnaires
1) Southbound US-1: questionnaire administered to non-US resident migrants returning to Mexico voluntarily
2) Southbound US-2: questionnaire administered to US-resident migrants returning to Mexico voluntarily
3) Border: questionnaire administered to migrants traveling along the US-Mexico border
4) Northbound Mex-1: questionnaire administered to non-US resident migrants traveling north from other regions in Mexico
5) Northbound Mex-2: questionnaire administered to US-resident migrants traveling north from other regions in Mexico
6) Deported D1: questionnaire administered to non-US resident migrants returning to Mexico via deportation
7) Deported D2: questionnaire administered to US-resident migrants returning to Mexico via deportation
Health Care Access and Utilization Survey, 2013
N=2,285
Questionnaires
1) Southbound US-1: questionnaire administered to non-US resident migrants returning to Mexico voluntarily
2) Southbound US-2: questionnaire administered to US-resident migrants returning to Mexico voluntarily
3) Border: questionnaire administered to migrants traveling along the US-Mexico border
4) Northbound Mex-1: questionnaire administered to non-US resident migrants traveling north from other regions in Mexico
5) Northbound Mex-2: questionnaire administered to US-resident migrants traveling north from other regions in Mexico
6) Deported D1: questionnaire administered to non-US resident migrants returning to Mexico via deportation
7) Deported D2: questionnaire administered to US-resident migrants returning to Mexico via deportation
N=2,285
Questionnaires
1) Southbound US-1: questionnaire administered to non-US resident migrants returning to Mexico voluntarily
2) Southbound US-2: questionnaire administered to US-resident migrants returning to Mexico voluntarily
3) Border: questionnaire administered to migrants traveling along the US-Mexico border
4) Northbound Mex-1: questionnaire administered to non-US resident migrants traveling north from other regions in Mexico
5) Northbound Mex-2: questionnaire administered to US-resident migrants traveling north from other regions in Mexico
6) Deported D1: questionnaire administered to non-US resident migrants returning to Mexico via deportation
7) Deported D2: questionnaire administered to US-resident migrants returning to Mexico via deportation
HIV Deported Survey, 2014-2015
N=2,064
Questionnaire
1 ) Deported D1 and D2: questionnaire administered to migrants returning to Mexico via deportation, including both those who reside in the U.S. and those who do not reside in the U.S.
N=2,064
Questionnaire
1 ) Deported D1 and D2: questionnaire administered to migrants returning to Mexico via deportation, including both those who reside in the U.S. and those who do not reside in the U.S.
HIV Risk and Access to Health Care Among Mobile Populations, 2019-2024
1. HIV and Reproductive Health Survey (2020-2021, N=1,260)
2. Non-Communicable Disease Survey (2021-2022, N= 2,101)
3. Mental Health and Substance Abuse Survey (2022-2023 - In progress!)
1. HIV and Reproductive Health Survey (2020-2021, N=1,260)
- Southbound: questionnaire administered to migrants returning from the U.S. to Mexico voluntarily and to migrants traveling along the Mexico-U.S. border who are traveling south
- Northbound: questionnaire administered to migrants traveling north to the Mexico-U.S. border from other regions in Mexico
- Deported: questionnaire administered to migrants returning to Mexico via deportation
2. Non-Communicable Disease Survey (2021-2022, N= 2,101)
- Southbound: questionnaire administered to migrants returning from the U.S. to Mexico voluntarily and to migrants traveling along the Mexico-U.S. border who are traveling south
- Northbound: questionnaire administered to migrants traveling north to the Mexico-U.S. border from other regions in Mexico
- Deported: questionnaire administered to migrants returning to Mexico via deportation
3. Mental Health and Substance Abuse Survey (2022-2023 - In progress!)